轨道与接触网几何检测融合技术研究北大核心

为解决现有轨道和接触网几何参数检测系统相对独立、同步误差大的问题,对二者进行融合。改变检测系统硬件架构,统一两系统编码器脉冲及数据接口,提升系统硬件集成度及数据对齐精度;依据QNX系统开发融合系统软件,保证系统实时性及执行效率;制作L形工装,依据特征波形验证数据对齐精度;在实验室模拟车体振动的测试环境,分别采集静态及动态数据进行补偿算法验证。结果表明:融合后系统结构耦合度提高,避免了由定位信息密度低及网络延时原因造成的数据对齐误差;对激光摄像组件的测量数据进行复用,实现了接触网几何参数的补偿计算。经验证,融合系统运行稳定,可用于轨道与接触网几何参数检测数据的综合分析及超限判断。     

基于时空特性和组合深度学习的交通流参数估计

为深入挖掘交通流时空特性，提高交通流参数估计精度，基于深度学习提出一种交通流参数估计的组合方法。根据目标断面及其上游断面的交通流数据构造输入矩阵，利用卷积神经网络捕捉交通流的空间特性，使用长短期记忆和门控循环神经网络挖掘交通流的时间特性，组合3 种深度学习方法所得输出，得到交通流参数估计值。采用中国安徽省合肥市和美国加州萨克拉门托的交通流数据进行验证。结果表明：新方法的性能优于已有各种方法，使估计误差降低 5.72%~33.29%；新组合方法具有较高的准确性和可靠性，能为智能交通系统运营与管理提供高质量的基础数据。     

中低速磁浮列车救援支撑装置的优化及冲洗回路参数设定

介绍了中低速磁浮列车救援支撑装置的组成及其工作原理,以及增压缸的工作过程。分析了救援支撑装置的常见问题。阐述了救援支撑装置的气液回路优化措施和控制方式优化措施,并基于长沙长沙磁浮快线的实际情况,通过计算得到冲洗回路工艺参数设定参考值,提高了救援支撑装置的可靠性及可操作维护性。     

手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数影响研究

为探究手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数的影响，基于模拟驾驶器和SmartEye 眼动仪设计模拟驾驶实验，采集驾驶人正常驾驶、拨打电话、收发信息等5种操作下视觉特征数据，应用拉依达准则和联合频数分布直方图进行数据归约.针对不同操作下视觉参数，应用箱形图和Kruskal-Wallis显著性检验，验证视觉参数评价指标的有效性.结果表明：随手机操作类型的不同，驾驶人水平和垂直视角标准差、视线离开道路时间百分比、扫视平均速度和眨眼持续时间呈显著性变化，可作为视觉参数影响的评价指标；观看视频和刷朋友圈操作对驾驶人视觉影响程度明显高于拨打电话和收发短信操作.     

倒运海水道整治工程斗朗—川槎大桥段实船适航试验

为验证倒运海水道整治工程是否达到整治标准的通航要求,选取斗朗—川槎大桥段作为实船试验河段,采用该航段设计船型500吨级满载船作为试航船,进行实船适航试验。测量试验河段的水深地形、表面流速流向、航标配布和水位,试验船舶沿设计航线进行上下水航行,实时测量试航船舶航行轨迹、对岸航速、舵角、漂角、船舶与河岸之间的安全距离等航行指标及航行状态,并结合通航规范及标准,对整治后航道技术参数的合理性、航标配布的合理性等进行分析评价。结果表明,本试验航段的整治效果达到了整治标准的通航要求。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。     

激光焊接技术在轨道交通车辆中的应用

为解决轨道交通车辆不锈钢车体电阻点焊的外观质量差、密封性差、效率低等缺点,对部分熔透激光焊接工艺在不锈钢车体焊接中的应用开展了研究。研究包括:部分熔透激光叠焊原理、参数优化试验、显微组织分析、疲劳性能分析,以及激光焊接不锈钢车辆侧墙的结构改进。研究结果表明,不锈钢车体焊接中采用部分熔透激光叠焊工艺,可以获得高质量的表面状态及疲劳强度,车体结构强度高于EN12663标准中的要求。     

基于灰色二次指数平滑的QAR参数关联度预测

由于QAR参数波动的后果具有潜在性和滞后性,因此分析人员容易忽视其危险性而使其发展为不利事件。针对该问题,提出运用QAR参数关联度分析的方法,建立QAR参数波动与事件之间的对应关系;并构建基于二次指数平滑-灰色关联法的关联度预测模型,进一步明确QAR参数波动与事件之间关系的动态变化趋势。运用实际数据对该模型进行验证,表明结论符合实际,该模型科学合理,可以用于QAR参数分析过程。     

A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

Determinants of full and partial household evacuation decision making in hurricane matthew

This paper adds partial household evacuation to the traditional binary evacuate/stay decision. Based on data from a survey of Jacksonville, FL residents after Hurricane Matthew, multinomial (MNL) and random parameter MNL models were developed to determine the influential factors and whether some variables’ effects are more nuanced than prior literature suggests. The random parameter model was preferred to the fixed parameters model. Variables significant in this model included injury concern, certainty about hurricane impact location, age, marital status, family cohesion, and living in mobile or detached homes. Greater injury concern results in lower likelihood of none of the household evacuating and greater likelihood of partial evacuation, but lower likelihood of full household evacuation. Similarly, greater certainty about hurricane impact increased the probability of partial household evacuation but decreased the probability of full evacuation. Respondent age had heterogenous effects; for 85.54% of respondents, additional years of age increased the likelihood of the household staying. Married households had a higher likelihood of staying or evacuating together. Similarly, greater family cohesion was associated with the household remaining together. Living in mobile homes decreased the likelihood that all of the household stays or evacuates and increased the probability of partial household evacuation. Living in a single-family detached home was associated with lower likelihood of all of the household staying or evacuating and a greater likelihood of a partial household evacuation. These findings can inform strategies that influence full or partial household evacuations, material requirements based on these decisions, and ways to reduce family risk.     

激光探测与测量视觉技术在堆取料机全自动控制中的应用

针对散货料场堆取料机人工操作堆取作业随意性大、精度差、效率低等现状,设计了一种堆取料机全自动控制系统。该系统基于激光雷达(Lidar)机器视觉技术,通过3D激光扫描仪实时获取料堆形状的点云数据,并完成对目标料堆的在线实时建模,最后控制堆取料机完成自动作业;提出了一种基于视觉图像处理算法的作业路径规划算法,通过实时提前预测作业轨迹来指导堆取料机自动作业。实践表明该控制系统提高了设备的作业效率,降低了作业成本。